Almost every team gets the identity model wrong on the first attempt, and data attached to the wrong record is expensive to move later. A person is the human, a user is their login, and an author is a byline; a member is a person with a frontend user. Everything else in this guide builds on that.
Start with Person, user and author, which also covers reading the signed-in visitor in a template. Members and backend users explains the user types and the checks that keep a member out of the admin and the API, with the checks to run on an inherited site. Groups and permissions covers how access is granted and the order permissions are resolved in. Profile data: custom fields or a related record decides where a member's extra data lives and what members can edit themselves, and Addresses and the address book covers the saved addresses that checkouts can reuse.