Two facts run through this unit. The environments of one site share a single database, so staging shows production's content and an edit on either is an edit on both. And a push carries files only: layouts, jobs, forms, settings and site data are records, which travel separately or not at all. Most release-day surprises come from forgetting one or the other.
Read What an environment is, and telling them apart first: it sets out what an environment holds and the template calls that tell production from the rest. The configuration page says which values can differ per environment and where secrets belong. Code deploys, content does not is the page to give every new team member; the moving page is its procedure when work is built on another site, and the last page is the checklist for a development copy filled with production data, which can email real customers if it is not run.