It is not published, or its publish date is in the future; signed in, you see it anyway. Then: it is on another site; the listing is filtered (a tag or category route, or a controller filter setting) and the record does not match; it is on page two; the listing page is cached and waits for the next purge (a scheduled publish fires the purge only for pages, blogs, posts, FAQ questions and product descriptions); or a custom entity definition's listing needs the record published and the definition publishable.